DRILLING AND SURFACING PRACTICE By FRED H. COLVIN FRANK A. STANLEY

Drilling, Reaming, Tapping, Planing, Shaping, Slotting, Milling, and Broaching
Including Wartime Data Supplement
By FRED H. COLVIN FRANK A. STANLEY







McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, Inc. 1943, str. 476, stan db+ (zakurzona, nieaktualna pieczatka)

ISBN







Contents
Preface to the Second Edition, Preface to the First Edition
SECTION I DRILLING
CHAPTER I Drills and Drilling Machines .
Material and nature of work to be considered—Advantages of three- and four-lipped drills—Deep-hole drilling—Tungsten carbide-tipped drills—Drilling as a roughing operation—Maintaining holes centers—How twist drills are made.
CHAPTER II Drill Points and Troubles
Twist drill details—Variety of drill points—Grinding drills—Lip clearance, points, angle, and web—Drill chipping—Causes of drill troubles—Use of multi-flute drills—Core drill application and treatment—Drill-point angles for different materials.
CHAPTER III Drill Shanks, Speeds, and Feeds .
Nomenclature—Details of drill shanks—Plug gage for "slow" tapers—Ring gage for "slow" tapers—Self-holding tapers and key drive—Standard taper shank drills—Average feeds and cutting speeds—Decimal equivalents of twist-drill gage numbers— Straight shank drills.
CHAPTER IV General Drilling Information.
Power required for drilling—Diameters of drilled holes—Hardness of drills—Drilling brass—Drilling plastic materials—Lubricants for drilling—Drilling of moulded plastics—How wood should be drilled—The operation of counterboring.
CHAPTER V Deep-hole Drilling.
Safe speeds and feeds—Methods followed in deep holes—The Revociper—Getting rid of chips—Oil-well tool work—Jig for deep
holes—Methods in small deep holes—Various ways of driving straight shank drills—High speed bench drill—Drilling very small holes.
CHAPTER VI Vabious Drilling Operations
Drilling glass crystals—Useful fixture for drilling machines— Chucks on drill tables—Vises and V blocks—Truing the drill spindle—Weight of metal removed in drilling—Drilling heads— Drill chart for use with balancing machine—Combined multiple drilling fixture and drill head—Construction of a multiple-geared drilling head—Station-type drill in machines.
CHAPTER VII
Types of Drilling Machines.
Modern vertical-spindle machines—Modern speed and feed selectors—Using a radial in building lathes—Radial drilling operations—Radials under production—Convenience of a floor pit— Countersinking locomotive rod bushings—Five-direction drilling at once—Way-drilling machines—Hydraulic-feed drilling machine —Self-contained drilling units—Unit construction in drilling machines.
SECTION II REAMING AND TAPPING
CHAPTER VIII
Design, Construction, and Use of Reamers.
Requirements in finishing holes—Maintaining reamer sizes—Rake or hook on reamers—The care of reamers—Selection of reamers— Shell-type reamers—Amount of stock to be removed—Salvage of solid reamers—Reaming of tapered holes—Machine reaming of taper holes—Bridge reamers—The combined drill and reamer— Speeds and feeds of reamers—Sharpening reamers—Backing off and honing—Machine sharpening of reamers.
CHAPTER IX
Taps and Screw Threads.
Definitions of taps and threads—Drilling for tapped holes—Effect of too large or too small drill—Tolerances on drilled holes—Basic thread dimensions and tap drill sizes—Selecting the right tap— Machine screw taps—Three and four fluted taps—Super crest taps—Modern die heads—Speeds of taps—Tapping Bakelite-^-Lubrication for taps and dies—Screw machine work—Lubrication for copper, aluminum, etc.—Stud fits in cast iron and in aluminum
—Oil lubricants—Nut tapping by machine—Standard tolerances for screw threads—Measurement of taper taps—Tapping taper threads.
SECTION III PLANERS AND SHAPERS
CHAPTER X
Planers, Shapbhs and Slotters .
Distinction in type of work—The slottor, a vertical shaper— Necessary foundation—Erecting methods—Standard leveling blocks—Levelling heavy tools—Testing planer-bed alignment— Various methods of testing ways, etc.—Checking equipment— Tests with surface gage—How cross rail is tested for level—Use of dial indicator and square on cross rail and side rail.
CHAPTER XI
Care op Planers
The skill of planer operator—Roughing and finishing cuts— Methods of clamping work—Clamps and step blocks—Uses of self-contained clamps—Handy jacks—Types of planer stops— Jack base and heads—Suggestions for setting work—Squaring plates—Use of aligning strips and jacks—Ways of holding thin work—Holding work in the vise—Holding round bars.
CHAPTER-XII
Planer Tools.
Heavy tool holders—Planer tool at work—V finishing tool— Double tools for slots—Finishing tools—Spring tool "goose neck" type—Broad-face finishing tools—Cutting rack teeth with a gear cutter on the planer.
CHAPTER XIII Methods of Driving Planers.
Helical gearing in Gray planer—Hydraulic shaper-planer—Sellers planer drive—Planer speeds—Reversing motor drive—Application of belts—Recommended cutting speeds—Horsepower required for different size planers—Effect of flywheel on planer drive—Cuts and feeds—Table for calculating power required for various cuts— Roughing and finishing cuts—Carbide tools.
CHAPTER XIV Planers and Their Work
Planing a big boring mill rail—Strip planing of press beds—Using rotating tool in slots—Multiple tool head for rail guides—Setting up awkward work—Form planing—Planing miller knee—How
overhung tools are supported—Radius planing methods—Use of magnetic chuck—The open-side planer at work—Planing helical lobes for pump—Railway planing operations—Shoe wedge and cross head operations—Crown brass finishing.
CHAPTER XV
Shapers.
Three kinds of shapers—Modern shaper construction—Cutting speeds on shapers—Shaper with swivelling table—Methods of driving shapers—Section of shaper drive—Comparative cam-velocity diagram for both strokes—Hydraulic shaper—Feeds and power movements.
CHAPTER XVI Shaper Tools and Work.
Shaping die openings—Pressure angle on tool at different heights— Small hole shaping—Knurling in the shaper—Small radius shaping —How keyways can be shaped in special work—Rigid tool holders and keyseating tools—Rolling name on round work—Stamping and knurling—Locomotive crosshead and driving-box fixtures— Shaping crown brasses—Shoe' and wedge work on shaper—Rod brass fixtures.
CHAPTER XVII The Slotting Machine.
A typical machine—Heavy type slotter—Locomotive work on slot-ter—Locomotive frame slotter with three heads—Slotting crown brasses—Operations on a special cam—Details of tools—Method of slotting ends of connecting rods.
SECTION IV MILLING
CHAPTER XVIII Primary Milling Operations .
Application of the miller—The Universal machine—Speeds and feeds—Speeds affected by different materials—Performance of thin saws—Chip thickness—Self-contained work measurements— Formulas for surface speeds—Feed per tooth a basis of cutter capacity—Relation between cutter diameter and feed per minute and per tooth—General data on speeds and feeds—Constants for materials for different millers—High speed cutter rates—Formula for high-speed cutter feeds—Effect of progressive working conditions—Charts for speeds and feeds—Consideration of roughing and finishing operations—General suggestions.
CHAPTER XIX General Milling Operations
The dividing head or spiral head—Typical milling applications— Milling with single and gang cutters—Feed rates determined by smaller cutter in gang—Removal of metal—Lighter cuts may save time and material in some instances—Clamping work in rigid vise—Example of typical milli